Places Visit In Bhubaneshwar

Lingaraj Temple,Bhubaneshwar

Lingaraja Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Harihara, a form of Shiva and Vishnu and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the East Indian state of Odisha.

Overview

Lingaraja Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Harihara, a form of Shiva and Vishnu and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the East Indian state of Odisha. The temple is the most prominent landmark of the Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist attractions of the state.

The Lingaraja temple is the largest temple in Bhubaneswar. The central tower of the temple is 180 ft (55 m) tall. The temple represents the quintessence of the Kalinga Architecture and culminating the medieval stages of the architectural tradition at Bhubaneswar.The temple is believed to be built by the kings from the Somavamsi dynasty, with later additions from the Ganga rulers. The temple is built in the Deula style that has four components namely, vimana (structure containing the sanctum), jagamohana (assembly hall), natamandira (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of offerings), each increasing in the height to its predecessor. The temple complex has 50 other shrines and is enclosed by a large compound wall.

Bhubaneswar is called the Ekamra Kshetra as the deity of Lingaraj was originally under a mango tree (Ekamra) as noted in Ekamra Purana, a 13th-century Sanskrit treatise. The temple is active in worship practises, unlike most other temples in Bhubaneswar and Shiva is worshipped as Harihara, a combined form of Vishnu and Shiva. The temple has images of Vishnu, possibly because of the rising prominence of Jagannath sect emanating from the Ganga rulers who built the Jagannath Temple in Puri in the 12th century.

Lingaraja temple is maintained by the Temple Trust Board and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The temple has an average of 6,000 visitors per day and receives lakhs of visitors during festivals. Shivaratri festival is the major festival celebrated in the temple and event during 2012 witnessed 200,000 visitors.

The Lingaraj Temple is not only important spiritually, but also for its architectural proficiency. The temple structure is the perfect example of the Kalinga style of architecture, with a tall Gopuram and intricate craftsmanship. The massive walls of the temple are embellished with beautiful sculptures. The deep-cut lines running perpendicularly on the spire create an optical effect which makes the temple look larger than its actual size. The temple has four main divisions known as the Garbh Griha, the Yajna Shalam the Bhoga Mandap and the Natya Shala. The images of all the gods, decorated with exclusive draperies and ornaments, speak greatly of the artist’s excellence.

History

Lingaraj, literally means the king of Lingam, the iconic form or Shiva. Shiva was originally worshipped as Kirtivasa and later as Harihara and is commonly referred as Tribhuvaneshwara (also called Bhubaneswar), the master of three worlds, namely, heaven, earth and netherworld. His consort is called Bhuvaneshvari.

The temple in its present form dates back to the last decade of the eleventh century. There is evidence that part of the temple was built during the sixth century CE as mentioned in some of the seventh century Sanskrit texts.Fergusson believes that the temple might have been initiated by Lalat Indu Keshari who reigned from 615 to 657 CE. The Assembly hall (jagamohana), sanctum and temple tower were built during the eleventh century, while the Hall of offering (bhoga-mandapa) was built during the twelfth century. The natamandira was built by the wife of Salini between 1099 and 1104 CE.By the time the Lingaraj temple was completely constructed, the Jagannath sect had been growing in the region,

which historians believe, is evidenced by the co-existence of Vishnu and Shiva worship at the temple. The kings of Ganga dynasty were ardent followers of Vaishnavism and built the Jagannath Temple at Puri in the 12th century.

As per some accounts, the temple is believed to have been built by the Somavanshi king Yayati I (1025-1040), during the 11th century CE.Jajati Keshari shifted his capital from Jajpur to Bhubaneswar which was referred to as Ekamra Kshetra in the Brahma Purana, an ancient scripture. One of the Somavamsi queens donated a village to the temple and the Brahmins attached to the temple received generous grants.An inscription from the Saka year 1094 (1172 CE) indicates gifts of gold coins to the temple by Rajaraja II.Another inscription of Narasimha I from the 11th century indicates offer of beetel leaves as tambula to the presiding deity.Other stone inscriptions in the temple indicate royal grants from Chodaganga to the nearby village people.

K.C. Panigrahi mentions that Yayti I had no time to build the temple and it should have been initiated by his sons Ananta Kesari and Udyota Kesari (believed to be other names of Yayati II as well). The argument provided against the view is that is his weak successors could not have constructed such a magnificent structure.

Timings

6:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.

Nandankanan Zoo,Bhubaneshwar

Nandankanan Zoological Park is a 400-hectare zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums in 2009.

Overview

Nandankanan Zoological Park is a 400-hectare (990-acre) zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. It also contains a botanical garden and part of it has been declared a sanctuary. Nandankanan, literally meaning The Garden of Heaven,is located near the capital city, Bhubaneswar, in the environs of the Chandaka forest, and includes the 134-acre (54 ha) Kanjia lake.

A major upgrade was done in 2000 (after the damage caused by the super-cyclone of 1999 in coastal Odisha). More than 3.3 million visitors visit Nandankanan every year.

Nandankanan Zoological Park is located 20 kms ahead of the capital city Bhubaneswar in Orissa. By sprawling across dense and tranquil forests of Chandaka, Nandankanan serves the first captive gharial breeding center of India. The name that literally means the "Garden of Pleasure" is the most picturesque park to bring an opportunity to discover unique flora and fauna flourishing in their most natural habitat.

The Nandankanan Zoological Park is also known as Nandankanan National Park where arrays of enthralling facility like boating, white tiger and lion safaris (safari in a sense to encounter these royal animals) reptile park, aerial ropeway and cable car at the zoological park which is a nocturnal animal house established for the wildlife lovers to get a penchant for wildlife.

History

Forest officials decided in 1960 that including rare plants and animals in the Odisha pavilion at the World Agricultural Fair in Delhi would help increase attendance. Word was sent to the forest department to capture as many small animals as possible for the display. In all, the forest department managed to capture two spotted deer, two barking deer, two black buck , one mouse deer, one leopard cat, one flying squirrel, one racket-tailed drongo, one hornbill, two parrots, two hill mynah, one peacock, and a mongoose. In addition, the divisional forest officer of Deogarh captured a pangolin and two porcupines, and the divisional forest officer of Puri captured a pair of wild boars and a Python. All of these animals were delivered to the Delhi fair and exhibited at the Odisha pavilion.

The State Finance Department raised objections to a zoo in Odisha because of the cost of both establishing and maintaining the facility. While the issue was being debated, animals arrived back at Bhubaneswar in May 1960, posing problems to the forest department for housing and feeding them. P. Mohandra (Divisional Forest Officer, Puri) and G. K. Das (Divisional Forest Officer, Deogarh) built temporary structures at Khandagiri for the animals, and the community of Jain helped feed them. Discussions about a real zoo started soon after Dr. H. K. Mahatab, then Chief Minister of Odisha, visited the animals.

The initial proposal placed the zoo at Ghatikia close to Khandagiri and Udayagiri caves. However, this was deemed to pose water problems in the future,A zoo needs lot of water to meet the need of animals, cleaning of animals sheds and for various other purposes. The then Range Officer, Chandaka suggested Jujhagarh forest block on Kanjia lake near Barang Railway station as the most ideal location. The then Chief Conservator of Forests, Divisional Forest Officer, Puri, Range Officer, Chandaka and D.P. Ghosh, Forest Ranger visited the place and were impressed with its scenic beauty. Kanjia lake with its vast expanse over 125 acres low and undulating hills of Jujhagarh and Krushnanagar D.P.F.S. with lush green vegetation on both sides of the lake presented a picturesque site. Jujhagarh Forest Block had all the advantages for locating the zoo except communication from Bhubaneswar and the only approach was via Chandaka covering a distance of 38 km.

A committee consisting of Dr. Radhanath Rath, Sri G.C. Dash and Sri D.N. Choudhury, the then Minister of Forests, Secretary, Forest and the Chief Conservator of Forests respectively visited the place. They were very much impressed with its aesthetic beauty and recommended location of the zoo there with construction of a straight road (a distance of 14 to 15 km) from Bhubaneswar. Accordingly, it was decided to locate the Zoological Park in Jujhagarh Forest Block, Botanical garden in Krushnanagar Forest Block and develop Kanjia lake for Boating and Angling. The Director, Fisheries agreed to develop a portion of the lake for rearing various kinds of fish for visitors to see. Initially it was decided to keep spotted deer, barking deer, black bucks, wild boars, sambars, nilagai and bears in spacious enclosures. Other animals like leopard cat, mongoose, flying squirrel, porcupine, python, monkeys, hyena, jackal, civet cat, pangolin, jungle cat, parrots, mynah and other birds in suitable cages. It was decided to put efforts to capture tigers and leopards which could be exhibited in suitable cages for the time being and the suitable spacious enclosures would be built for them later on. It was also decided to raise a good flower garden and to plant important species and medicinal plants of Odisha inside proposed Botanical garden in Krushnanagar D.P.F. Eventually the site around the 134-acre (54 ha) Kanjia Lake was chosen. The lake would be developed for recreation as well. A 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) road was built to the site, and Nandankanan Biological Park was officially inaugurated on 29 December 1960, by Sri S. K. Patil, then Indian Minister of Food and Agriculture.

A botanical garden was opened in 1963. The first tiger arrived at the zoo in 1964 from the Alipore Zoo in Calcutta, along with a pair of African lions, a pair of Mugger crocodiles, and a puma. The facility was renamed Nandankanan Zoological Park in 1981. In 2009 Nandankanan Zoological Park became the first zoo in India to become a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).

Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves,Bhubaneshwar

Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves are partly natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical and religious importance near the city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India

Overview

Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves are partly natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical and religious importance near the city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. The caves are situated on two adjacent hills, Udayagiri and Khandagiri, mentioned as Kumari Parvat in the Hathigumpha inscription. They have a number of finely and ornately carved caves built during 2nd century BCE.It is believed that most of these caves were carved out as residential blocks for Jain monks during the reign of King Kharavela.Udayagiri means "Sunrise Hill" and has 18 caves while Khandagiri has 15 caves.

The caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, called lena or leṇa in the inscriptions, were dug out mostly during the reign of Kharavela for the abode of Jaina ascetics. The most important of this group is Ranigumpha in Udayagiri which is a double storeyed monastery. Other important caves include Hathi gumpha, Ananta gumpha, Ganesha gumpha, Jaya Vijaya gumpha, Mancapuri gumpha, Bagh gumpha and Sarpa gumpha.

Udayagiri Caves

From Bhubaneswar, Udayagiri is the hill on the right and access to its 18 caves is provided by a flight of steps. The largest and the most beautiful, Cave 1, Rani Gumpha or Queen's Cave, off the pain path to the right is double storeyed. Excavated on three sides of a quadrangle with fine wall friezes and some recently restored pillars, not exactly architectural marvel, but has some beautiful sculptures.

The right wing of the lower storey consists of a single cell with three entrances and a pillared varandah. On the walls, flanking the terminal pilasters of the verandah, are carved two dwara palas (sentries). The pilasters of entrances to the cell are embellished with side pilasters crowned by animals. Over them there are toranas (arches) relieved with religious and royal scenes-couple standing reverentially with folded hands, a female dancer with accompanying female musicians, etc.

The main central wing, consisting of four cells, has themes apparently indicating victory march of a king, starting from his capital and returning back after passing through various lands. At the angles, where the right and left wings meet, are two small guard rooms which are lavishly decorated-springs cascading down the hills, fruits laden trees, wild animals, sporting elephants in lotus pools, etc.

In the better preserved Upper Storey there are six cells, one each in the left and right wings and four in the rear. All the four cells of the main wing are provided with two doorways each, flanked by two pilasters, from which springs a ornately carved torana (arch) with auspicious Jain symbols (snake and lotus), and friezes depicting scenes laid in wild surroundings story reminiscent of Dushyanta's first meeting with Sakuntala, a dance performance for the royal couple, etc.

Cave 2, Chota Hathi Gumpha, or Small Elephant Cave, is notable for its facade having masterly carving of six vigorous elephants flanking its entrance. Cave 4, Alakapuri Gumpha, contain sculptures of a lion holding a prey, in its mouth, and pillars topped by pairs of winged animals, some human and some bird headed. Cave 5, Jaya Vijaya Gumpha, is double storeyed and a bodhi tree is carved in the central apartment. The high sanctity of the tree is represented by an umbrella over it and being worshipped by a couple on either side.

Cave 9, Manchapuri and Swargapuri up the hill and around to right house a damaged relief, the subject of which is worship of some Jain religious symbol. The assemblage on the right is a group of four, votaries with folded hands, dressed in long dhotis, scarves and heavy kundalas (ear rings). The second crowned figure from the left is thought to be the Chedi King, Vakradeva, whose donative inscription occurs on the roof-line of the facade of the cell to the right side of the varandah.

Cave 10, Ganesh Gumpha, about 50 m from the top of the steps takes its name from the figure of Ganesh carved on the back of its right cell. The carvings tell the story of the elopement of Bassavadatta, Princess of Ujjayini, with King Udayan of Kausambi in the company of Vasantaka. Proceeding to the top of the Udayagiri Hill by a pathway to right, the visitor will reach the ruins of an apsidal structure, unearthed in 1958. This Chaitya hall was the place of worship by the monks and in all probability once housed the legendary Kalinga-Jina that Kharavel recovered after it had been removed by Nanda king of Magadha.

Below the ruins is Cave 12, Bagh Gumpha or Tiger cave, so called on account of its front carved into the shape of a tiger's mouth, with distended upper jaw, full of teeth, forming the roof of the verandah and the gullet forming the entrance. The Cave 14, Hathi Gumpha or Elephant Cave is a large natural cavern and on the walls are scratched a few names. Architecturally plain, but a 117 line famous inscription of king Kharavel is important. It relates to the life history of Kharavel, his expeditions and exploits off the battlefield inscribed in the Magadhi characters.

Khandagiri Caves

Coming down to the main road by a flight of steps in front of Cave 17 of Udayagiri and going up the road for about 15m, the visitor will find a track to his left leading to the summit of the Khandagiri hill. Following this track for a few meters, brings you at Cave 1 and 2, known as Tatowa Gumpha or Parrot Caves, known so from the figures of parrots carved on the arches of their doorways.

Guarding the entrance to Cave 1, are two sentries in dhotis and scarves and armed with swords. Between the two arches of the doorways providing entrance to cell is a one line inscription calling the cave that of Kusuna. Cave 2 is more spacious and its decorations more elaborate. On the back wall of the cell are Brahmi inscriptions in red pigment, of the first century BC to first century AD, presumably scrawled by a monk in attempt to improve his handwriting.

Farther ascending by the same flight of steps, the path goes to Cave 3, Ananta Gumpha or Snake Cave after the figures of twin serpents on the door arches. It is one of the most important caves on the Khandagiri hill on account of its unique motifs in some relief figures of boys chasing animals including lions and bulls, geese with spread wings holding in its bill the stalk of a lotus bud or a blue lotus, a royal elephant flanked by a smaller one carrying lotus flower, a female figure driving a chariot drawn by four horses and the Lakshmi in a lotus pool being bathed with water from pitchers held by two elephants.

On the back wall of the cell is carved a nandipada on a stepped pedestal flanked on either side by a set of three symbols-a triangle headed symbol, a srivatsa and a swastika, auspicious to the Jains. Cave 7, Navamuni Gumpha, called so due to the figures of nine (nava) tirthankars carved on the back and right walls and Cave 8, Barabhuji Gumpha, named so from two 12 armed (bara-bhuj) figures of sasana-devis carved on the side walls of the verandah, both also have relief of Hindu deities.

History

The sandstone caves at Udayagiri and Khandagiri bear testimony to India’s glorious past. Kharavela, during whose time these rock cuts were undertaken, was one of the best-known kings of Kalinga. In 1825, A Stirling, the historian, brought the existence of these caves to public notice and attempted to translate the inscriptions. While it is difficult to obtain an accurate translation due to the disuse of the language – Brahmi, the weathering of the inscriptions, and inaccuracies, what is certain is that these rock edicts declare the respect and the dedication of the king towards all religions and the love his people bore him.

Dhauli Giri,Bhubaneshwar

Dhauli hillsare located on the banks of the river Daya, 8 km south of Bhubaneswar in Odisha. It is a hill with vast open space adjoining it, and has major Edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock.

Overview

Dhauli hills are located on the banks of the river Daya, 8 km south of Bhubaneswar in Odisha (India). It is a hill with vast open space adjoining it, and has major Edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock, by the side of the road leading to the summit of the hill. Dhauli hill is presumed to be the area where the Kalinga War was fought.

The Rock Edicts found here include Nos. I-X, XIV and two separate Kalinga Edicts. In Kalinga Edict VI, he expresses his concern for the "welfare of the whole world". The rock-cut elephant above the Edicts is the earliest Buddhist sculpture of Odisha. The stone elephant shows the animal's foreparts only, though it has a fine sense of form and movement.

Ashoka had a special weakness for Dhauli, where the battle was fought. The Daya river is said to have turned red with the blood of the many deceased after the battle, and enabled Ashoka to realize the magnitude of horror associated with war. He saw to it that Dhauli became an important centre of Buddhist activities. He built several chaityas, stupas and pillars there. He got abodes excavated for the recluse, instructions inscribed for officials, expounded the main principles of dandaniti for the public, provided special status to his new kingdom including the stupas at Dhauli.

On the top of the hill, a dazzling white peace pagoda has been built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s. Light and sound show in Dhaulagiri The nearby region also houses Ashokan edicts and possibly a Stupa at Bhaskareshwar temple at Tankapani road as arglars. The Dhauligiri hills also has an ancient Shiva temple which is the place for mass gathering during Shiva Ratri Celebrations.

Dhauligiri, a hillside with another name as Dhauli located on the River Daya banks, is 8 km far from the south of Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Orissa. You can find splendid Edicts of Ashoka embossed on a mass of rock in Dhauli, beside the way to the hill summit. It is believed that Dhauli hill was the battlefield of the Kalinga War. The marvelous Shanti Stupa or Peace Pagoda is also located here. In the result of the bloodbath taken place in the Kalinga War, the water of the River Daya got red, making Ashoka understand the gloomiest side of a battle, turning him into the propagator of peace. Later, with his help, Dhauli became a major Buddhist centre, when he built several chaityas, stupas and pillars here.

History

In the year 272 B.C. the great Maurya dynasty's legendary king "Ashoka the Great" looked down from over the vast expanse of the battle field of Kalinga (now the area around Dhauli) littered with bodies after a fierce battle. Even after a well-fought victory, the sight of the aftermath of the war, death and destruction horrified him and resulted in Ashoka's transformation.

He channeled his energy, which he spent earlier in winning wars and conquering, in spiritual pursuit. He became a Buddhist and started following Buddha’s teachings and austere ways of leading life. All the destruction made him think about the ephemeral nature of all earthly things and the utter uselessness of running after the earthly possessions which cease after death.

He also pondered about the usefulness of wars which brings in its wake nothing but death, destruction and misery to mankind. So, what was its use or merit-none. It was due to this awakening that Ashoka, the Great Warrior, became a follower of Buddhism and spent the rest of life spreading the teachings of Buddha far and wide in Orrisa, India and beyond.

Carvings of the head and forelegs of an elephant emerging from the rock mark the spot where the change of heart and transformation of Ashoka occurred. It is said to be the oldest rock cut sculpture in India (3rd century B.C.). This image is symbolic and it symbolizes the birth of Buddha (the enlightened) and the emergence of Buddhism.

The rock edicts at the bottom hill (and the other at Jau Gada), dating from 260 B.C., suggest that the conquered area may have had two administrative headquarters. On these rock edicts, instructions to his administrators how to rule his subjects are carved on stones which are as follows—“You are in charge of many (thousand living beings). You should gain the affection of men. All men are my children, and as I desire for my children that they obtain welfare and happiness both in this world and the other world, the same do I desire for all men."

These edicts shed much light on the miraculous transformation of a Great King from a ruthlessly ambitious warrior to a benevolent and highly evolved soul dedicating his later life to Buddhist way of life. These inscriptions on these rocks are remarkably clear even after 2000 years.

Tribal Museum,Bhubaneshwar

The Museum of Tribal Arts and Artifacts, popularly known as Tribal Museum, also conceptually labeled as Museum of Man, is a museum in Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India. It was established in the year 1953.

Overview

The Museum of Tribal Arts and Artifacts, popularly known as Tribal Museum, also conceptually labeled as Museum of Man, is a museum in Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.It was established in the year 1953. This Museum is an integrated part of the Scheduled Castles and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI), which disseminates knowledge covering the human species in totality.

Tribal Museum also known as Orissa Museum of Tribal Art and Artifacts, located on Gopabandhu Nagar near CRP Square about 3 kms from the Bhubaneshwar railway station, provides a detailed information about the tribal life and culture of Orissa. Sometimes referred as Tribal Research Institute Museum (Museum of Man), it is basically a research center that reveal about more than sixty varied tribal groups of Orissa, their way of living, handicrafts, musical instruments, songs, dances and festivals.

The Tribal Museum has a rich collection of stone and wood sculptures, metal objects and images, weapons, wooden objects, anthropological objects, jewelry, textiles, terracotta, tribal dresses and also some remarkable records, which have been conserved about these tribes. The museum also exhibits the huts of the Orissan tribes namely Santal, Juang, Gadaba, Saora and Kondh. Other added attraction of the tribal museum is the library and a small zoo. The tribal museum is kept open from 10 am to 5 pm on all days except National holidays and Sundays.

The Tribal Museum (Museum of Tribal Arts and Artifacts) of Bhubaneswar is home to a rich collection of artifacts, crafts and art objects belonging to different tribes (Adivasis) living in several parts of the state of Odisha. The museum exhibits dresses and ornaments, hunting and agricultural implements, weapons, personal belongings, photographs, arts of the tribes like Saora, Paroja, Koya, Kutia Kandha, Dongria Kandha, Bhottada, Santal, Kolha, Juang and others.

This superb musum is a must for anthropologically inclined visitors interested in Odisha's 62 tribes or considering a visit to Odisha's tribal areas. Complete with interactive elements, its galleries display traditional dress, bead ornaments, heavy silver collars, coin necklaces, elaborate headdresses, ornate wine pipes and musical instruments. One gallery is dedicated entirely to weaponry, fishing, hunting and agricultural equipment. You can buy colourful cloth paintings by the Saora people here. Bus 801 goes to nearby Azad Marg.

Tribal Research Institute Museum is a museum in Bhubaneswar, Odisha inside the campus of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research & Training Institute. It has life-sized authentic tribal dwellings, created by the tribal craftsmen offers a view of the State's tribal heritage.It has sections which showcase tribal artifacts and objects, focusing on well researched, documented cultural life of tribals of Odisha. It is headed by a Director, who is in the rank of a University Professor, and the administrative control lies in the hands of ST, SC, Minorities, and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Odisha.

History

The Regional Museum of Natural History in Bhubaneswar was established in the year 2004. The main motive of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India behind establishing the museum is to create awareness about the environment and promoting conservation education among the general public and students. People are offered vital information about the flora and fauna and their importance for the human beings. The museum exhibits plants, animals and vibrant geology of Odisha, North East region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. One of the prominent attractions of the museum is the huge skeleton of Baleen Whale that captivates the attention of the visitors.

Address: RL PO, Doordarshan Colony, Gajapati Nagar, Bhubaneswar Timing: 10:00 am to 5.00 pm Closed: Sunday and Public Holidays

Museum of Tribal Arts and Artifacts

The museum was essentially set up by the tribal craftsmen to provide information about the rich Odisha tribal heritage. The museum has been recognized by the UNESCO as one of the best maintained tribal museums in India. The museum displays the clothing, wooden, metal, stone objects and jewelry items of Bonda, Lanjia Saora and Santhal tribes. There is also a library and small zoo in the museum that enthrall the visitors, particularly the students.

Address: National Highway 5, Gopabandhu Nagar, Bhubaneswar Timing: 10:00 am to 5.00 pm Closed: Sunday and Public Holidays

Hirakud Dam,Bhubaneshwar

Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometres from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long.

Overview

Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km (34 mi) long. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India's independence.

Hirakud Dam Orissa, constructed across the Mahanadi River, is one of the world 's longest man-made dams in the world. The dam with the channel has an ideal atmosphere for wildlife and making it an important place of the tourist interest. Located at a distance of 15 kms from the Sambalpur district and at a distance of around 305 km from Bhubaneshwar, Hirakud is a small town which has a major dam which was built during the year 1956. This dam has been the source of tourism in this region since a lot of years, the magnificence of it a reflection of India's fast development process.

Situated near the dam is a hill called Budharaja hill which has a temple at its top, known as Budharaja temple dedicated to Lord Shiva which has stunning views of the dam from atop the hill. Another temple which is a must-visit in Hirakud is the Ghanteshwari Temple which served as a lighthouse for the incoming ships and the bells were used to warn the sailors. Hirakud has its own railway station and trains connect this place to other major parts of the country. One can also take a flight to Bhubaneshwar and then take a cab or a bus to reach here as buses and cabs are also available from other nearby towns and cities.

Hirakud Dam Project is built across river Mahanadi at about 15 Kms. upstream of Sambalpur town in State of Odisha. This happens to be the first post independence major multipurpose river valley project in India. The dam is 6 Kms from NH 6 . The nearest rail head is Hirakud railway station (S.E.R) which is 8 Kms from the dam site. The project provides 1,55,635 Hects of Kharif and 1,08,385 Hects of Rabi irrigation of Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir, and Subarnpur. The water released through power house irrigates further 436000 Hects of CCA in Mahanadi delta. Installed capacity for power generation in 307.5 MW through its two power houses at Burla , at the right bank to and Chiplima , at 22 Kms down stream of dam . Besides the project provides flood protection to 9500 sq Kms of delta area in district of Cuttack and Puri.

Sightseeing in Hirakud Dam

Budharaja Temple, Ghanteswari Temple, Leaning Temple of Lord Shiva are some places of worship one can head to while visiting Hirakud dam. The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary situated here is visited by a number of tourists each year. You can see a variety of species of migratory birds coming to the reservoir during the winter season here. These are some of the places for sightseeing in the place.

History

After high floods of 1937, Sir M. Visveswararya gave proposal for detailed investigation for storage reservoirs in Mahanadi basin to tackle problem of floods in Mahanadi delta, In 1945, it was decided under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, the then Member of Labour in Govt. of India that the potentialities of river Mahanadi should be fruitfully and expenditiously investigated for multipurpose use. Central Water- ways Irrigation and Navigation Commission took up the work. The foundation stone of Hirakud Dam was laid by Sir Howthrone Lewis, the then Governor of Odisha on 15th March 1946. The project report was submitted to Government in June 1947. The first batch of concrete was laid by Pandit Jawaharalal Neheru on 12th April 1948. The project was formally inaugurated by Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 13th, January 1957. Power generation along with supply for irrigation started progressively from 1956 and full potential was achieved by 1966.

Project Features of Hirakud Dam

Hirakud dam is a composite structure of Earth, Concrete and Masonry. The main dam having an overall length of 4.8 K.m. spans between hills Lamdungri on left hand Chandili Dunguri on the right. The Dam is flanked by 21 K.Ms. long earthen dykes both on left and right sites to close the low suddles beyond the abutment hills. It has the distinction of being the longest dam in the world, being 25.8 K.Ms. long with dam and dykes taken together. It has also the rare distinct of forming the biggest artificial lake in Asia with reservoir spread of 743 sq Kms at full reservoir level. Hirakud dam intercepts 83400 sq. km (32200 sq miles) of Mahanadi catchments. The reservoir has a storage of 5818 M. Cum with gross of 8136 M Cum. The Completed Cost of the Project was Rs.100.02 crores (in 1957).

Best time to visit Hirakud Dam

The climate of this place is very extreme, temperature rising to about 40ë?C in summer and descending about as low as 1ë?C in winter. The place receives heavy rainfall during the rainy season. The best time to visit Sambalpur is from September to March as the weather is mostly pleasant during this time. The months of February, November and December are also ideal for travelling to this town.

Iskcon Temple,Bhubaneswar

ISKCON Temple contains idols of deities like Krishna, Balaram, Gaura Nithai, Subhadra and Jagannath. Focused on propagating and educating spiritual knowledge, techniques of spiritual life to society at large, and consciousness of Krishna, the temple follows the great scriptures of India, Bhagavad Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam.

Overview

ISKCON Temple contains idols of deities like Krishna, Balaram, Gaura Nithai, Subhadra and Jagannath. Focused on propagating and educating spiritual knowledge, techniques of spiritual life to society at large, and consciousness of Krishna, the temple follows the great scriptures of India, Bhagavad Gita and Srimad Bhagavatam. As publicised in the teachings of Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the temple focuses on the belief that each soul is part and package of the quality of Godhead, Krishna. The temple also promotes the sankirtana movement, congregational chanting of the holy name of God.

Showcasing the ideology of the ISKCON movement, the temple organises kirtans, bhajans and pooja on a regular basis. With activities surrounding over two ISKCON centres, one in the Swarga Dwara area and the other in the outskirts of the city, ISKCON movement is very prominent in Bhubaneshwar. Nearby ISKCON temple, a new Radha-Krishna Temple is constructed, for the devotees of Krishna and Radha, the universal symbol of love.

Large numbers of devotees come to ISKCON Temple to worship Lord Krishna at one of the largest temple complexes in India. Opened in 1998, this modern temple contains a Vedic learning center dedicated to the study of Hinduism. Indian architect Achyut Kanvinde accepted a pro-bono commission in 1993 to construct this complex for the followers of Srila Prabhupada. To visit ISKCON Temple and other attractions in New Delhi, use our New Delhi travel itinerary planner.

ISKCON has from then developed into a worldwide organization comprising of about 10,000 temple devotees and 250,000 relating devotees. Also famous with the name of the Hare Krishna movement, ISKCON has now become a wide network of more than 350 centers, 60 restaurants, 50 schools and 60 rural communities across the world.

The goal of this monotheistic and nonsectarian movement is to achieve the goodness of society by teaching the concepts and beliefs of the Krishna consciousness as described inBhagavad Gita and related ancient scriptures.

The ISKCON Temple is situated in Bhubaneswar city and has deities of GauraNithai,Krishna, BalramJagannath andSubhadra. ISKCON movement is very important in Bhubaneswar and has regular activities happeningacross two ISKCON centers, one of them located in the SwargaDwara area and the other being in the outskirts of the city. A new Radha-Krishna temple is under construction near to the ISKCON temple for the followers of Radha and Krishna who are seen as the symbol of love. Daily Poojasand Bhajans are organized in this temple.

History

In 1975, Srila Prabhupada instructed Gour Govinda Swami to build a temple in Bhubaneswar. It is the 108th and last temple project of Srila A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada which was completed and inaugurated in 1991 on Lord Nityananda Prabhu’s holy appearance day after seventeen years of preparation and construction. As instructed by Srila Prabhupada, Gour Govinda Swami installed Sri Gaur Nitai, Krishna Balaram and Jagannath, Baladeva, Subhadra Devi on three altars and named the temple Sri Krishna Balaram Temple. It also has Gour Govinda Maharaja’s Samadhi Mandir and Srila Prabhupada’s Bhajan Kutir. At the back of the temple, there is a brahmachari ashram which can house 150 brahmacharis. The ashram complex includes four rooms for sanyasis, a conference hall for 150 devotees, a library, prasadam hall for 300 and an office. The temple has fifteen acres of farmland which is used for growing vegetables.

To know the history of the Krishna Balaram Temple, Bhubaneswar, we have to go back to the year 1975 when Srila Prabhupada instructed Gour Govinda Swami to build a temple on the donated land. At that time it was jungle, far from Bhubaneswar town. Srila Gour Govinda Swami came to Bhubaneswar from Vrindavan carrying the weight of his spiritual master’s instructions in his heart. At first he stayed in a Dharmashala near Ananta Basudev temple in Old Town, Bhubaneswar, 6 kilometers from the jungle site where he was to stay alone for many years. From that Dharmashala he would walk to this land every day.

Srila Gour Govinda Swami requested Srila Prabhupada to come to Bhubaneswar. He arranged for Srila Prabhupada to stay comfortably in the government guesthouse, but Prabhupada refused, saying, “I will stay only where my disciple, Gour Govind has built a mud hut for me.” Srila Prabhupada stayed in Bhubaneswar for seventeen days.

After Srila Prabhupada left this world on 14th November 1977, Srila Gour Govinda Swami preached extensively in Orissa and traveled all over the world. Many Western devotees came to help. Srila Gour Govinda Swami saw the temple almost complete in 1991 after a long 15 years of struggle. It was inaugurated on Nityananda Trayodasi day, the same auspicious occasion when in 1977 Srila Prabhupada laid the foundation stone. As instructed by Srila Prabhupada, Srila Gour Govinda Swami installed Sri Gour Nitai, Sri Krishna Balaram and Sri Jagannath, Baladeva, Subhadra Devi Devi on three altars and named the temple Sri Krishna Balaram Temple.

Parasurameswara Temple,Bhubaneshwar

Parashurameshvara Temple also spelt Parsurameswar, located in the East Indian city of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, is considered the best preserved specimen of an early Orissan Hindu temple dated.

Overview

Parashurameshvara Temple also spelt Parsurameswar, located in the East Indian city of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, is considered the best preserved specimen of an early Orissan Hindu temple dated to the Shailodbhava period between the 7th and 8th centuries CE. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and is one of the oldest existing temples in the state. It is believed to have been built around 650 CE in Nagara style and has all the main features of the pre-10th century Orissan-style temples. The temple is one among the Parashurameshvara group of temples.

Parashurameshvara Temple has a vimana, the sanctum, and a bada, the curvilinear spire over its roof, rising to a height of 40.25 ft (12.27 m). It is the first temple to have an additional structure called jagamohana, compared to the earlier temples that had only the vimana. Though the temple is dedicated to Shiva, it contains sculpted images of Shakta deities, which are otherwise normally part of Shakta temples. The temple is the first in Bhubaneswar to contain depictions of Saptamatrikas, namely, Chamunda, Varahi, Indrani, Vaishnavi, Kaumari, Shivani and Brahmi. The temple is maintained and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a ticketed monument. Parashurashtami is the major festival celebrated in the temple during June–July every year. The temple is one of the most prominent tourist attractions in the state of Odisha.

Parashurameswar Temple, a small but marvelously decorated shrine of Lord Shiva, is assumed to be one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar and is constructed in 650 A. D. The temple is a specimen of the architectural styles of Oriyan temples. The temple has verdant sculptures of animals, amorous couples and floral designs. The outer walis adorned with beautiful carvings of Lord Ganesh, Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati, Lord Muruga and other Hindu Gods. There are also many beautiful carvings depicting Puranic stories. The spectacular identity and uniqueness of the temple is the "One thousand Lingas placed in the North West corner of the temple. This temple is believed to have one of the important Shiva temple and many number of devotes visit here regularly.

History

Parashurameshvara Temple is one of the Parashurameshvara group of temples, considered to be the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar.Some historians believe Parashurameshvara Temple to have been built in the early 8th century CE., subsequent to the construction of the Satruguneswar, Bharateswar and Lakshmaneswar temples in the late 7th century, although K.C.Panigrahi places the date as 650 CE.Fergusson believed that the temple might have been initiated at around 500 CE.A mid-7th century date is agreed by most scholars based on style and the presence of the eight planets which appear over the door to the inner sanctum as the later temples portray nine.

Parashurameshvara Temple was built by the Shailodbhavas, who had Shiva as their family deity.The Shailodbhavas also respected the Shakta deities and depicted Shakta images on the walls of the temple.The temple was repaired in 1903, with some changes in the roof of the inner sanctum, whilst retaining most of the original structure.Being located in the eastern coast, Parashurameshvara, like other Orissan temples, was not much affected by Muslim invasions of the 12–13th centuries.In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a ticketed monument.

The Orissan temples have two parts: the sanctum, called vimana, and a place from where pilgrims view the sanctum, called the jagamohana (hall of worshippers). Parashurameshvara Temple is the first to have this additional structure. The initial deul temples were without the jagamohana as seen in some of the older temples in Bhubaneswar, while the later temples had two additional structures namely nata-mandapa (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of offerings). The vimana is square in plan and the walls have sections called rathas or pagas. The vimana has a curvilinear tower (called bada) in the form of a pyramid composed of horizontal planes. The sanctum of the temple measures 9.88 × 9.75 ft (3.0 × 3.0 m) from the inside, 19.75 × 21 ft (6.0 × 6.4 m) from the outside and has a height of 40.25 ft (12.3 m).Amalaka, a stone disk with ridges on the rim, is placed over the bada of the temple.

Bindu Sarovara,Bhubaneshwar

The legendary Bindu Sarovar and Ocean Drop Tank are believed to have water from every holy water body in the whole of India. The tank is suitably surrounded by many temples.

Overview

Bindu Sagar Lake alias Bindu Sarovara also known as Ocean Drop Tank is a sacred lake located to the north of the Lingaraj Temple and to the east of the Ananta Vasudeva Temple. Legends says that Bindu Sagar Lake was created by Lord Shiva by bringing water from all the holy places to quench the thirst of Goddess Parvati. Hence it is believed that a dip in the Bindu Sagar Lake would washes away all the sins and the devotees get rid of all their diseases by drinking the holy water.

Located in a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere and surrounded by numerous temples and shrines, Bindu Sagar Lake lake serves as a popular picnic spot. The 1,300 feet long and 700 feet wide large Bindu Sagar Lake consists of a tiny island with several shrines in its middle. The lake is the venue for conducting the ritual bath of Lord Lingaraj (Lord Shiva), held during the annual Car festival (Ashokastami). On that day, the Shivalingam of the Lingaraja temple will be taken to the Bindu Sagar Lake for the ritual bath.

Bindusagar is located in the right side of the Talabazar road leading from Kedargouri Chowk to Lingaraja Temple, Old Town, Bhubaneswar. This road is also known as Bindusagar Road. It is now under the care and maintenance of Lingaraja Temple Administration. The tank is enclosed within a masonry embankment made of dressed laterite blocks. It is the largest water body of Bhubaneswar. All the rituals of Lord Lingarajaa are closely associated with this tank.

History

According to local legend, Lord Siva and Goddess Parvati arrived in Varanasi after their wedding. With the passage of time, however, they became restless and longed for a respite from the overcrowded temple town. In their quest for a quiet place, they stumbled upon Ekamrakshetra (the ancient name of Bhubaneswar). It was then controlled by two demons — Kirti and Vasa. Goddess Parvati killed the two demons by pressing them into the ground with her feet.

The place where she is believed to have killed them is now called Devi Padahara. After killing the demons, Parvati felt thirsty; to quench her thirst, Lord Siva struck his trident into the ground and out leapt a spring. Water from holy rivers and streams was then used to sanctify the spring, which ultimately took the form of a large water body — Bindusagar.

To this day, Bindusagar — the largest water body in Bhubaneswar — is considered one of the most holy of water bodies in the state. While this story about the creation of Bindusagar is a part of mythology, Prof. Sadasiba Pradhan, in his book Lesser Known Monuments of Bhubaneswar, talks about an interesting fact about lesser known historical monuments — 17 beautiful tanks, which are next only to the temples of the capital. “Out of the 199 listed lesser-known monuments, 160 were temples (80 per cent); the tanks make their presence felt with a 8.5 per cent visibility,” writes Prof. Pradhan, who is the head of the postgraduate department of ancient Indian history, culture and archaeology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar

According to experts, the water in all the ancient tanks in Old Town of the city has medicinal properties. “All the ancient water bodies of the Old Town area have medicinal qualities. People from various parts of the country even use the water to treat certain ailments. Tourists from Bengal take the water from tanks on the premises of the temple of Kedar-Gouri to cure acidity. In fact, the water in the two tanks of Kedar-Gouri comes in contact with the roots of Kochila trees (Strychnos nux-vomica). So they imbibe medicinal properties from the plants,” says Bijay Kumar Rath, former state archaeologist. According to Rath, people believe that the water from some tanks in the city can even help couples beget children. “Another stream fills the tank of Mukteswar Temple near the Kedar-Gouri temple. But the medicinal properties of the water in the Marichi Kunda on the temple premises is very important. People believe that on an auspicious day on the Hindu calendar, women who have no children can use the waters of the tank in religious rituals and bear a child,” Rath says.

Raja Rani Temple,Bhubaneshwar

Rajarani Temple is an 11th-century Hindu temple located in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, India. The temple is believed to have been known originally as Indreswara.

Overview

Rajarani Temple is an 11th-century Hindu temple located in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, India. The temple is believed to have been known originally as Indreswara. It is locally known as a "love temple" because of the erotic carvings of women and couples in the temple. Rajarani Temple is built in the pancharatha style on a raised platform with two structures: a central shrine called the vimana (sanctum) with a bada over its roof rising to a height of 18 m (59 ft), and a viewing hall called jagamohana with a pyramidal roof. The temple was constructed of dull red and yellow sandstone locally called "Rajarani". There are no images inside the sanctum, and hence it is not associated with a specific sect of Hinduism but broadly classified as Saivite based on the niches.

Various historians place the original construction date between the 11th and 12th centuries, and have placed it roughly belonging to the same period as the Jagannath Temple at Puri. The architecture of other temples in central India is believed to have originated with this temple, the notable ones being the Khajuraho temples and Totesvara Mahadeo temple in Kadawa.There are various sculptures in the walls around the temple, and the vimana, depicting scenes of the marriage of Shiva, Nataraja, Parvati, and include tall, slender, sophisticated nayikas in various roles and moods such as turning her head from an emaciated ascetic, fondling her child, holding a branch of tree, attending to her toilet, looking into a mirror, taking off her anklet, caressing her pet bird and playing a musical instrument. Rajarani Temple is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a ticketed monument.

The highlight of the temple is the fine sculptures of dikpalas or guardians of the eight directions carved around the shrine. Dressed in diaphanous drapery they stand on lotuses, with their mounts below. Starting from East we encounter successively-Indra (lord of the East) holding a thunderbolt and an elephant goad, with the elephant below; the potbellied and beared Agni (southeast), god of fire, with the ram; Yama (South) holding a staff and a noose, with his vehicle the buffalo; Nirriti (southwest), the god of misery, holds a severed head and a sword above a prostrate figure; Varuna (West) holding a noose in his left hand, his vehicle is makara or the crocodile; Vayu (northwest) holding a banner and his vehicle is deer; Kubera (North) placed above seven jars of gems, he has a horse and Isana (northeast) shown with an erect phallus by the side of an emaciated figure. Of these the Agni and the Varuna are particularly impressive.

The Rajarani temple is also famous for the tall and slender nayikas (temple figures) carved in high relief on the walls-figures in amorous dalliance and in such acts as fondling her child, looking into the mirror, taking off her anklet, caressing the bird, playing instrument, holding branches of trees etc. The Rajarani takes its name from the local sandstone used to built it. The temple no longer has an image of the deity in the sanctuary but its strong Saiva associations are testified from the figures of Shiva and his consort Parvati on the platform and Saiva doorkeepers.

History

Based on the sculptural architectural style, the temple is dated to the mid-11th century.Brown groups the temple along with Anant Vasudev Temple and places it around the 11th–12th centuries. Another survey of Orissa temples carried out by S. K. Saraswati in 1953 yielded a similar date.Panigrahi, who did a comprehensive analysis of Orissan temples, gives an unspecified date between Lingaraj Temple and Mukteswara Temple.Fergusson believes construction of the temple was begun by around 1105.George Michell believes the temple was built during the same time as Lingaraja Temple.Rajarani Temple roughly belongs to the same period as the Jagannath Temple at Puri. The architecture of other temples in central India originated from the temple. The notable ones in the category are the Khajuraho temples and Totesvara Mahadeo temple in Kadawa.Scholars believe based on the style that the temple might have been built by Somavamsi kings who migrated from Central Indis to Orissa during the period.Rajarani temple is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a ticketed monument.

It is pancharatha in plan with a curvilinear superstructure 18m(55 ft) tall. The vimana is clustered by miniature towers with double crowning elements and appears round, unlike other temples in Bhubaneswar, but like the towers of Khajuraho temples. The vimana (sanctum) measures 10.25 ft (3.12 m)*10.25 ft (3.12 m) from the inside, 31 ft (9.4 m)*29 ft (8.8 m) from the outside.Its spire is decorated with clusters of turrets (replication of the spire itself) emerging form the rib of the spire. The temple has panchanga bada or five divisions namely, pabhaga, talajangha, bandhana, uparajangha and baranda. The lowermost division is called pabhaga having five decorative mouldings namely, khura, kumbha, patta, kani and basanta. The superstructure (gandi) of the temple has a number of miniature turrets (angasikharas). The superstructure is crowned with a fluted disc shaped architectural members called amalaka and a vase (kalasa) surmounts it as the crowning finial.

The jagamohana (porch) though demonstrating a pyramidal structure is yet to take on as a complete structure of its own. It bears signs of repair in 1903 when it collapsed into ruins. The jagamohana measures 17.83 ft (5.43 m)*17.83 ft (5.43 m) from the inside and 36 ft (11 m)*36 ft (11 m) from the outside.The tiered (pidha) jagamohana and the interior is plain, possibly left incomplete. The plan of jagamohana is square compared to the rectangular ones present in earlier temples.

The sculptures have a depth that was lacking in the Mukteswara Temple sculptures.The gateway in a clockwise direction around the porch and the deul to end back at the torana (entrance).The other noted sculptures are naga-nagi sthambha, saiva dwarapalakas on the entrance doorjambs and Lakulisa on the lintel of entrance above which is the architrave of Navagrahas are present. The best preserved sculpture of the temple are the standing astadikpalas on the central façade of kanika appearing on the jangha portion of the bada clad in diaphanous drapery. The image of Varuna is intact and notable for its body ornamentation, coiffure and facial expression. Scenes of marriage of lord Shiva, lord Nataraja, goddess Parvati are the cult images present in the temple. There are tall slender sophisticated nayikas gracing the walls of the sanctum depicted in various roles and moods in amorous dalliance with actions such as turning her head from an emaciated ascetic, fondling her child, holding a branch of tree, attending to her toilet, looking into mirror, taking off her anklet, caressing her pet bird and playing instrument. There are also erotic (mithuna) figures carved in high relief on the projecting portions of the uparajangha. The other decorative motifs are carved in the shape of vyala, jagrata and gajakranta. The scroll motifs are the foliages, creepers and vines (vanalata), each containing lush foliage independent of any stalk or vine.

Tikarpada Wildlife Sanctuary,Bhubaneshwar

The site of one of the most fabulous vistas of river and forest, the 'Satkosia Gorge' where the great Mahanadi river crashes in with monumental force is a dizzyingly enervating experience for the visitors.

Overview

The meandering pace of the sensuous river, 22-km of thick forest, offers scenic delights of the frothing, boiling water as it wends its way through the fabulous gorge, considered to be one of the most enchanting spots in the world. It is the ideal place for boating, angling and other adventure sports. The forest and hills around the village have varieties of fauna to fascinate the visitors.

The Tikarpada Wildlife Sanctuary located in the village of Tikarpada, Angul district, Orissa is a famous sanctuary that houses a varied species of fauna and flora. Spread across an area of 795.52 km2, the wildlife sanctuary is encircled by the fantabulous Satkosia gorge, a 22 km long gorge formed by the flowing Mahanadi amidst bounteous hills. A “Rescue & Rehabilitation Centre” situated in the Mahanadi eco system aids in the sustainment of various endangered crocodiles.

The wildlife sanctuary houses numerous species of fauna such as tigers, pangolins, Indian pitta, red jungle fowl, Indian adjutant stroke etc. some of the other species found here are rhesus macaques, leopards, spotted deer, wild cats. Moreover, one can also spot various species of birds and enjoy bird watching here. Adventure lovers can bask some activities here like water rafting, angling, game sighting etc. A trek around the lush green Sal forests & the environs is the best way to explore the true beauty of this region. The Gharial Sanctuary located in Tikarpada is the breeding place for Gharials that are later released into the Mahanadi River (their natural ecosystem). The Sanctuary also comprises species of snakes, turtles, crocodiles etc.

Tikarpada Wildlife sanctuary is juxtaposition with the Satkosia George where meandering River Mahanadi plunges into the Eastern Ghat. Located at distance of 200 kms from the temple city of Bhubaneshwar, nature unfolds some its most beautiful mysteries in form of Tikarpada. The sanctuary lying amidst the thick covers of forest has the gusty Mahandai crisscrossing the Eastern Ghat and the forming a 22 km long mighty George named Satkosia. Lying in the district of Angul, the sanctuary presents one of the most splendid views of landscapes nurtured by rivers.

History

The main attraction of the region is Gharials. The sanctuary was established in order to preserve these endangered species. The ecosystem of Mahanadi was perfect for the survival of these animals and so the attempt was made to reintroduce the Gharial to this befitting environment.

Area and location

The sanctuary encompasses a total area of 795.52 sq km. It is one of the largest sanctuaries in the state and is located in the Angul district, that is almost 160 km from Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The location of the sanctuary along the banks of Mahanadi River adds to its popularity. The river cuts through a considerable distance of 22 km of the different colored vast collage of Sal trees and lend the place a heavenly look.

Main attractions

You can watch a number of Gharials and other animals in the Tikarpada wildlife sanctuary which is also known as the Gharial sanctuary. Catching a sight of snakes, crocodiles and fresh water turtles would surely be a privilege. You might sometimes get a glimpse of tigers which inhabited the sanctuary in considerable number in the past. Other faunal species include Indian adjutant stroke, Indian pitta, rhesus macaques, elephants, leopards, wild cats, spotted deer, pangolins and red jungle fowl. A number of migratory birds can be found here. So bird watching in this sanctuary becomes the favorite pass time of many. Many effective steps are taken to preserve the endangered species of crocodiles in Tikarpada. The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center is actively involved in this project.

When to visit?

The best time to visit the sanctuary is from December to April.

Mukteswara Temple,Bhubaneshwar

Buddhist temple constructed in the 10th century, known for its highly ornamental arched gateway.

Overview

Mukteshvara Temple is a 10th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The temple dates back to 950–975 CE and is a monument of importance in the study of the development of Hindu temples in Odisha. The stylistic development the Mukteswar marks the culmination of all earlier developments, and initiates a period of experiment which continues for an entire century, as seen in such temples as the Rajarani Temple and Lingaraj temple, both located in Bhubaneswar.It is one of the prominent tourist attractions of the city.

The 'Gem of Orissan Architecture' is the only phrase that goes well with Mukteswara Temple. Located in Bhubaneshwar, Mukteshwara Mandir is the best temple in the capital city of Orissa. The architectural temple can be reached easily from Bhubaneshwar, which is well-connected to other cities by air, rail and road. Built in 950 A.D, Mukteswara temple is literally a dream realized in sandstone. The temple is said to be the structure, where sculpture and architecture are in synchronization with one another.

Mukteswara Mandir is dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is considered as the most complex Lord amongst the Hindu Gods. The term 'Mukteswara' suggests "Lord who gives freedom through Yoga" and this fact is further empowered by the sculptural images embraced in the temple. Dedicated to Lord Shiva in the form of Muketeswara, the entire temple is imprinted with figures of ascetics in different poses of meditation. Inside the complex, there are several small shrines that comprise numerous lingams of Lord Shiva. The sculptural embellishment of the temple boasts of the sagacity of proportion and perspective of the artisans. It also portrays their distinctive talent in the accurate delineation of the minutest things. One more interesting feature about the temple is that it has got a well in its eastern part. It is believed that a dip in this holy well cures the problem of infertility.

Situated on the northwest corner of the enclosure of Mukteswar Temple is a latter unfinished, Siddhesvara Temple, in which the emergence of the Orissan architectural style is almost complex. The deul is pancha ratha on plan, the bada is panchanga, and the bandana composed of three moulding dividing janga into tala and upara and the amla on the top of the deul is supported by four squatting figures. The jangha of the jagamohana is relieved with pidha-mundis. Devoid of ornamentation, the deities of Shiva's sons-Ganesha and Karttikeya around the tower are its only interesting points. The late 10th century Gauri Temple, to the South is a specimen of the Khakhara form but has striking similarities with Mukteswar Temple in respect of execution of its architectural elements and the decorative details. Though substantially repaired and renovated, it still has some notable original sculptures.

History

The Mukteshvara Temple is found to be the earliest work from the Somavamshi period. Most scholars believe the temple is the successor to Parashurameshvara Temple and built earlier to the Brahmeswara Temple. Percy Brown puts the date of construction of the temple to 950 CE. The presence of a torana, which is not part of any other temple in the region, makes this temple unique and some of the representations indicate the builders were starters of a new culture.K.C. Panigrahi places the temple to be built during 966 CE and postulates that the Somavamshi king Yayati I built the temple. He also associates the legend of Kirtivassa to this temple, but the postulation is not accepted as Kirtivasa is associated with Lingaraja, though both were built at the same time for the same deity, Shiva. There is no historic evidence to conclude that Yayati had built the temple.

Architecture

The structure of temple represents the transition point between the initial and later phases of the Kalinga School of Temple Architecture. At this juncture of time, the construction was done by combining many elements of the old style with new designs and notions. Many improvements were made to the old patterns and then, these changes became the essential features of the later temples. Due to this fact, Mukteswara came to be known as "harbinger of the new culture".

The exquisitely carved 'Torana' (arched doorway) captures the main attraction with its rich decorations that suggest the influence of Buddhism in Orissa. On the exteriors of compound wall, one can see variety of divinities in the alcoves. Here, the image of Saraswati can be seen in a sitting posture flanked by two female attendants. Lord Ganesha is imprinted with his mount of mouse. Another image is of Lakulisha, who was the founder of the Pashupata sect of tantric Shaivism.

On the convoluted horseshoe shaped 'chaitya' arch, there is an image of fabled lion head with open jaws, served by attendants. Later, this type of image was imprinted in various temples of Orissa. Mukteswara Temple is a site of Indian Heritage and this exotic shrine attracts many devotees & tourists to its doorway round the year.